My unpublished papers can be found on my page at the Social Sciences Research Network. My published works are listed below:

Books

• Transparent Lives: Surveillance in Canada (Athabasca University Press, 2014). Co-edited with Kevin Haggerty, David Lyon and Valerie Steeves.
• Security Games: Surveillance and Control at Mega-Events (London: Routledge, 2011). Co-edited with Kevin Haggerty.
• The Privacy Advocates: Resisting the Spread of Surveillance (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2008). (Introductory chapter available in PDF format here.)
• Playing the Identity Card: Surveillance, Security and Identification in Global Perspective (London: Routledge, 2008). Co-edited with David Lyon. (Introductory chapter available in PDF format here.)
• The Governance of Privacy: Policy Instruments in Global Perspective (Aldershot, UK: Ashgate Press, 2003) (Second and Revised edition, MIT Press 2006). Co-authored with Charles D. Raab.
• Visions of Privacy: Policy Choices for the Digital Age (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999). Co-edited with Rebecca Grant.
• Regulating Privacy: Data Protection and Public Policy in Europe and the United States (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1992).

To learn more about these texts, click here.

Journal Articles

• The Council of Europe’s Modernized Convention on Personal Data Protection:   Why Canada Should Consider Accession CIGI Paper No. 246 (November 2020)
• “Data-driven elections,”  Internet Policy Review, Vol 8. No. 1 (Special Issue, co-edited with David Lyon)

• Data-Driven Elections in Canada: What we might expect in the 2019 Federal Election Campaign,” Journal of Parliamentary and Political Law, Vol 13 (September 2019):  301-313
• “Data-Driven Elections and Political Parties in Canada:  Privacy Implications, Privacy Policies and Privacy Obligations,”  Canadian Journal of Law and Technology, Vol 16, No 2 (November 2018);  195-226
• “What is an Ombudsperson: Global Diffusion, International Standardization and Institutional Diversification,”  Political Studies Review, November 2018 (with Norman J. Dolan).
•  “Global Data Protection:  Adequate Laws, Accountable Organizations or Data Localization,” Proceedings of the 2018 ACM International Joint Conference and 2018 International Symposium on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Wearable Computers, pp. 880-90 (October 2018) (with Smith Oduro-Marfo)
• Revisiting the Governance of Privacy:  Contemporary Policy Instruments in Global Perspective” Regulation and Governance, vol. 12, no. 3 (September 2018) (with Charles D. Raab)
• “The European General Data Protection Regulation:  An instrument for the globalization of privacy standards? Information Polity, vol. 23, No. 2 (June 2018)
• “If these Canadians lived in the United States, how would they protect their privacy?” First Monday, Volume 22, No. 3 (March 6, 2017) (with Priscilla M. Regan and Robin M. Bayley)
• Voter databases, micro-targeting, and data protection law: can political parties campaign in Europe as they do in North America?International Data Privacy Law Vol 6, No. 4: 261-275 (December 2016)

• GPEN: A Growing Network, but How Much Enforcement?” Privacy Laws and Business International, Vol 138 (October 2015), pp. 19-21.
• “Trends in Voter Surveillance in Western Societies: Privacy Intrusions and Democratic Implications.” Surveillance and Society, Vol 13, No. 3/4 (2015).
• “Canada’s Digital Privacy Act introduced breach notification et al.,” Privacy Laws and Business International, Issue 136 (August 2015), pp. 12-13.
• “Canada’s Supreme Court allows Warrantless Mobile Phone Search,” Privacy Laws and Business International, Issue 133 (February 2015), p. 29.
• “Canada’s Anti Spam Law in force July 1st,” Privacy Laws and Business International, Issue 129 (June 2014), pp. 19-20.
• “Real and Substantial Connections: Enforcing Canadian Privacy Laws against American Social Networking Companies,” Journal of Law, Information and Science, Vol 23, No. 1 (2014) (with Adam Molnar and Christopher Parsons).
• “The Politics of Privacy and the Privacy of Politics: Parties, Elections and Voter Surveillance in Western Democracies,” First Monday, Vol. 18, No. 8 (August 5, 2013).
• “Privacy, Elections and Political Parties: Emerging Issues,” Privacy Laws and Business International, Issue 123 (June 2013), pp. 26-29.
• “Data Point: What Political Parties Know about You,” Policy Options, Vol 34, No 2 (February 2013), pp. 51-55.
• “The Geo-Politics of Personal Data,” Harvard International Review, December 14, 2012.
• “Cyber-Surveillance in Everyday Life,” Surveillance and Society, Vol 9, No. 4 (June 2012) (special issue co-edited with Andrew Clement and Kate Milberry).
• “In Defense of Privacy: The Concept and the Regime,” Surveillance and Society, Vol 8, No. 4 (April 2011).
• “Privacy Advocacy from the Inside and the Outside: Implications for the Politics of Personal Data Protection in Networked Societies,” Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis, Vol. 13, No. 2 (April 2011), pp. 125-141.
• “Storming the Barricades so we can all be Private Together: Everyday Surveillance and the Politics of Privacy Advocacy,” Leviathan, Vol. 25 (2010) “Sichtbarkeitsregime: Überwachung, Sicherheit und Privatheit im 21 Jahrhundert,” pp. 299-320.
• “International Privacy Standards: Can Accountability be Adequate?” Privacy Laws and Business International, Vol. 106 (August 2010), pp. 21-23.
• “International Privacy Standards: A Continuing Convergence?” Privacy Laws and Business International, Vol. 105 (June 2010), pp. 13-14.
• “Privacy Impact Assessments: International Experience as a Basis for UK Guidance,” Computer Law and Security Report, Vol. 24 (2008), pp. 233-242 (with A. Warren, R. Clarke, A.Charlesworth and R. Bayley).
• “Surveillance and Mobilities,” Surveillance and Society, Vol 1, No. 4 (2004) (with Priscilla Regan).
• “The State of Privacy in the Canadian State: Fallout from 9-11,” Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, Vol. 11 (2003), pp. 2-11 (with Martin French).
• “Information Policy and Information Privacy: International Arenas of Governance,” Journal of Law, Technology and Policy, Vol. 2 (December 2002), pp. 385-406.
• “The Privacy Commissioner of Canada: Multiple Roles, Diverse Expectations and Structural Dilemmas,” Canadian Public Administration, Vol. 46, No. 2 (2003), pp. 218-242.
• “Cookies, Web Bugs, Webcams and Cue Cats: Patterns of Surveillance on the World Wide Web,” Ethics and Information Technology, Vol. 3, No. 3, (2001), pp. 197-210.
• “An International Standard for the Protection of Personal Information: Objections to the Objections,” Internet Law Policy Forum, September 2000.

Book Chapters

• “From the Doorstop to the Database:  Political Parties, Campaigns and Personal Privacy Protection in Canada.” in Norman Witzleb, Moira Paterson and Janice Richardson (eds), Big Data, Political Campaigning and the Law:  Democracy and Privacy in the Age of Micro-targeting (Abingdon UK:  Routledge, 2018) (with Michael McDonald)

• “Privacy Protection in the Era of ‘Big Data’: Regulatory Challenges and Social Assessments,” in Bart van der Sloot, Dennis Broeders and Erik Schrijvers, Exploring the Boundaries of Big Data (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2015), pp. 205-227, with Robin M. Bayley.
• “Privacy, Surveillance and the Democratic Potential of the Social Web,” in Beate Roessler and Dorota Mokrosinska, Social Dimensions of Privacy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015), pp. 202-222, with C. Parsons and A. Molnar.
• “Forgetting, Non-Forgetting and Quasi-Forgetting in Social Networking: Canadian Policy and Corporate Practice,” in S. Gutwirth, R. Leenes and P. de Hert, Reloading Data Protection (Dordrecht: Springer, 2014), pp. 41-59, with C. Parsons and A. Molnar.
• “Privacy and Surveillance: The Multidisciplinary Literature on the Capture, Use and Disclosure of Personal Information in Cyberspace,” in W. Dutton, The Oxford Handbook of Internet Studies (Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp. 486-508, with Christopher Parsons.
• “The Accountability Approach to Privacy and Data Protection: Assumptions and Caveats,” in D. Gauguin et al. Managing Privacy through Accountability (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2012).
• “Privacy Advocates, Privacy Advocacy and the Surveillance Society,” in K. Ball, K.D. Haggerty and D. Lyon, Routledge Handbook of Surveillance Studies (London: Routledge, 2012).
• “Privacy Impact Assessments in Canada,” in David Wright and Paul de Hert, Privacy Impact Assessment (Springer: 2011).
• “Unsafe at any Altitude: The Comparative Politics of No-Fly Lists in the United States and Canada,” in M. B. Salter, Politics at the Airport (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2008).
• “What Happens when you Book an Airline Ticket? The Collection and Processing of Passenger Data Post-9/11,” in E. Zureik and M. B. Salter, Global Surveillance and Policing (Portland: Wilan, 2005).
• “Surveillance, Employment and Location: Regulating the Privacy of Mobile Workers in the Mobile Workplace,” in S. O. Hansson and E. Palm, The Ethics of Workplace Privacy (Brussels: Peter Lang, 2005).
• “Video Surveillance and Privacy Protection Law in Canada,” in S. Nouwt, B. R. de Vries, and C. Prins, Reasonable Expectations of Privacy (The Hague: Asser Press, 2005).
• “Emergent Locations: Implementing Wireless 9-1-1 in Texas, Virginia and Toronto,” in L.Cranor and S.Wildman, Rethinking Rights and Regulations (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2003), with D. Phillips and P. Regan.
• “People and Place: Patterns of Individual Identification within Intelligent Transportation Systems,” in David Lyon, Surveillance as Social Sorting: Privacy, Risk and Digital Discrimination (London: Routledge, 2003), with P. Regan and C.D. Raab.

Reports

• Privacy, Voter Surveillance and Democratic Engagement:  Challenges for Data Protection Authorities.Report to UK Information Commissioner’s Office presented at International Conference of Privacy and Data Protection Commissioners (October 2019) (with S. Oduro Marfo)
• Data Analytics in Canadian Elections:  Our Data, Ourselves.  Report for Tactical Tech (July 2018).
• Federal Political Parties and Personal Privacy Protection: A Comparative Analysis. A Report to the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada, May 2012 (Co-authored with R. Bayley).
• Privacy Impact Assessments: An International Study of their Application and Effects. Report to the UK Information Commissioner, December 2007 (Co-authored with A. Charlesworth, A. Warren, R. Clarke, R. Bayley), together with Appendix of Country Case Studies.
• Saying What you Do and Doing what you Say: Arguments and Prospects for an International Privacy Standard. Report to the Office of the Privacy Commissioner, September 2007. (Also available in French: PDF.)
• Location-Based Service and the Surveillance of Mobility: An Analysis of Privacy Risks in Canada. A Report to the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada, under the 2004-05 Contributions Program, June 2005 (Co-authored with L. Crowe).
• What Government Should Know about Privacy: A Foundation Paper. Prepared for the Ontario Information Technology Executive Leadership Council’s Privacy Conference, June 19, 2001.
• Globalization and Access to Information Regimes. A Report to the Canadian Access to Information Review Task Force, June-August 2001.
• Application of a Methodology designed to Assess the Adequacy of the Level of Protection of Individuals with regard to Processing Personal Data: Test of the Method on Several Categories of Transfer. European Commission Tender No. XV/97/18/D, September 1998 (Co-authored with C.D. Raab, R.M. Gellman and N. Waters).
• Prospects for an International Standard for the Protection of Personal Information. A Report to the Standards Council of Canada, August 1997.
• Implementing Privacy Codes of Practice. Rexdale: Canadian Standards Association, PLUS 8830, August 1995.
• Privacy in the Political System: Perspectives from Political Science and Economics. A report written for the Ethical, Legal and Social Issues (ELSI) component of the Human Genome Project, U.S. Department of Energy (coordinated by Alan F. Westin), 1995, revised 2001.